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雅思学习-时态
英语时态总结
英语八大时态
| 时态 | 现在 | 过去 | 将来 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般 | do/does | did | will do / be going to do / be about to do |
| 进行 | am/is/are doing | was/were doing | |
| 完成 | have/has done | had done | |
| 完成进行 | have/has been doing |
（1）一般现在时 （do/does 谓语， is /am/are 表语）
- 结构：动词原形或第三人称单数形式。
- 使用场景：习惯性动作、普遍真理。
一般现在时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| every系列 | every day/ night/ week/ month/ year |
| 频率表达 | once a week/day 每天/周一次 twice/ three times a month 每月2/3次 sometimes/ often/ always/ usually/ seldom |
- 例句：
- She drinks coffee every morning.
- e.g Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
（2）一般过去时
- 结构：动词过去式。
一般过去时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| last + 时间 | last week/ month/ year 上周/月/年 |
| ... ago | a month/ two days/ three years ago 一个月/2天/3年前 |
| when 引导的时间状语从句 | when I was a child, ... |
| in + 过去时间 | in 2000/ in last century 在2000/ 在上个世纪 |
| 特别短语 | just now 刚刚；in the past 在过去；long ago 很久以前；at the age of ... 在几岁时 |
- 使用场景：过去发生的动作或习惯。
- 例句：I did my homework yesterday.
（3）一般将来时
- 结构：will do / be going to do。
一般将来时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| tomorrow | tomorrow 明天 |
| tomorrow morning 明天早上 | |
| the day after tomorrow 后天 | |
| this... | this morning/afternoon/evening 今天早上/下午/晚上 |
| next... | next day/week/month/year 明天/下周/下个月/明年 |
| in + 将来时间 | in 2030/ in the next year 在2030年/下一年 |
| 特别短语 | by the end of + 将来时间 |
- 使用场景：计划安排、预测推测。
- 例句：I will visit my grandparents next week.
（4）现在进行时
- 结构：be + doing。
现在进行时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 情景标志词 | look/ listen |
| 时间标志词 | now/ at the moment/ at present/ these days/ at this time/ at the moment |
| when/while引导的时间状语从句 | He is staying with his friend while his house is being renovated. 他因为房子在装修期间暂时住在朋友那里。 |
- 使用场景：此时此刻正在进行的动作。
- 例句：I am listening to music.
（5）过去进行时
- 结构：was/were + doing。
过去进行时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| at this time/moment + 过去时间 | at this time yesterday 昨天这个时候 |
| at + 具体时间 + 过去时间 | at 9 o'clock yesterday 昨天9点 |
| when/while引导的时间状语从句 | when he came in, I was doing my homework |
- 使用场景：过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
- 例句：I was doing my homework at 9 PM yesterday.
（6）现在完成时
- 结构：have/has + done。
现在完成时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示 例 |
|---|---|
| in/for the last/past... | in the last two years; in the past few weeks |
| 经历表达 | it's the first/second time that ... |
| 其他短语 | over the years/ so far/ lately/ up to now (到目前为止)/ until now（至今为止） |
| since/for | since + 时间点: since 9 o'clock; for + 时间段: for two years |
| 时间状语 | already 已经（肯定句）/ ever 曾经（疑问句/肯定句）/ just 刚刚/ yet 已经（疑问句/否定句）/ once/ before |
- 使用场景：过去的动作对现在的影响、经历、持续到现在的动作。
- 例句：
- I have traveled to many countries.
- They have been friends since childhood.（从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态）
（7）过去完成时
- 结构：had + done。
过去完成时常用场景
| 时间表达方式 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| by + 过去时间 | by the end of last year/ month/ week 截止到去年/上个月/上周 |
| when/before/until引导的时间状语从句 | when he had finished his lunch, he asked for a glass of water. |
- 使用场景：过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
- 例句：By the time the meeting started, he had already finished the report.
（8）现在完成进行时
- 结构：have/has + been + doing。
- 使用场景：过去开始的动作持续到现在，并可能继续下去。
- 例句：I have been studying English for three years.
容易混淆的内容
过去完成时 vs 现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时
| 时态 | 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 过去完成时 | had + 过去分词 | I had lived in this city before I moved to the other city. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has + 过去分词 | I have lived in this city for ten years. |
| 现在完成进行时 | have/has + been + 现在分词 | I have been living in this city for ten years. |
时间轴
- 过去完成时：强调过去某个时间点之前完成的动作。
- 现在完成时：强调动作的完成或持续到现在。
- 现在完成进行时：强调动作从过去持续到现在，并可能继续下去。
代词的写法汇总
| 人称 | 单复数 | 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 | 反身代词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | 单数 | I /aɪ/ | me /mi:/ | my /maɪ/ | mine /maɪn/ | myself /maɪˈself/ |
| 复数 | we /wi:/ | us /ʌs/ | our /aʊə(r)/ | ours /aʊəz/ | ourselves /aʊəˈselvz/ | |
| 第二人称 | 单数 | you /ju:/ | you /ju:/ | your /jɔ:(r)/ | yours /jɔ:z/ | yourself /jɔ:ˈself/ |
| 复数 | you /ju:/ | you /ju:/ | your /jɔ:(r)/ | yours /jɔ:z/ | yourselves /jɔ:ˈselvz/ | |
| 第三人称 | 单数 | he /hi:/ | him /hɪm/ | his /hɪz/ | his /hɪz/ | himself /hɪmˈself/ |
| 单数 | she /ʃi:/ | her /hɜ:(r)/ | her /hɜ:(r)/ | hers /hɜ:z/ | herself /hɜ:ˈself/ | |
| 单数 | it /ɪt/ | it /ɪt/ | its /ɪts/ | its /ɪts/ | itself /ɪtˈself/ | |
| 复数 | they /ðei/ | them /ðem/ | their /ðeə(r)/ | theirs /ðeəz/ | themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ |