主谓宾/主谓结构

基本规则

• ⼀个句⼦只能出现⼀个谓语动词（谓语是动作）。
• 及物动词必须得写主谓宾（宾语是动作的承受者）结构。
• 如果不是及物动词，只能写主谓结构，或者和介词搭配使⽤。

示例

• 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
  • I want some bread. (bread 是 want 这个动作的承受者)
  • I enjoy playing basketball. (playing basketball 是 enjoy 的动作承受者)
• Hate, like, eat... (及物动词-vt，可以直接跟东西)
  • I hate doing regular exercise.
• Rise, jump, decrease... (不及物动词-vi，不能直接跟东西)
  • You jump, I jump!
• 主语+谓语 (不及物动词)
  • I smile.
  • Birds fly.
• 主语+谓语+介词宾语 (不及物动词)
  • I smile at my mom.
  • Birds in the sky.

主谓宾结构的八种形式

1. V + sb. to do sth

• 动词列表: Ask, enable, encourage, invite, educate, require, force, permit, allow, advise, motivate, urge, prompt, persuade, anticipate, empower, tempt, expect, inspire.
• 例句:
  • Grasping a new language allows children to have a better understanding of other countries' culture.
  • The old educate young people to show respect to others.
• 练习: 商业⼴告促使很多消费者冲动购物。
  • Commercial advertisements prompt consumers to buy products impulsively.
  • He asks me to go together.
  • My friend invites me to her birthday party.

可数名词不单⾏！（除⾮名词修饰名词）

• 1. the+n 表特指
• 2. 泛指名词复数
• 3. 强调⼀个⽤ a/an/one
• 练习: Bicycle store/stores, university students

2. V + to do sth

• 动词列表: Want, hope, refuse, fail, decide, choose, agree, intend, tend, afford, can't to do sth.
• 例句: Some primary school students failed to pass this test.
• 练习: He wants to see the movie.
• 练习: I decide to join the student union.

3. V + sb. from doing sth

• 动词列表: Prevent, deter, ban, restrict, keep, stop, discourage.
• 例句: Armed police in some public places deter potential criminals from committing crimes.
• 练习: 政府限制居⺠们使⽤私家⻋在⼀些特殊节⽇⾥。
  • The government restricts citizens from using private cars in some special festivals.

4. V + doing/sth （及物动词）=> sb + vt.(及物动词) + doing / sth

• 动词列表: Enjoy, finish, hate, keep, avoid, imagine.
• 例句:
  • The commuters should avoid traveling to workplace late.
  • You should enjoy your life.
  • In hte exam,students should avoid making the simple.

5. V + sb. of sth

• 动词列表: Inform, remind.
• 例句: Manufacturers ought to remind their customers of possible dangers of automatic driving technology.
• 练习: 媒体应该给社会⼤众告知过度消费的坏处。
  • The media should inform the public of the disadvantages of excessive consumption.

以下情态动词后必须⽤动词原形L can,should ,could ,would, will, ought to ！

6. V + sb. + sth （双宾语）

• 动词列表: Show, send, give, offer, teach, award, buy, prepare, save, book, choose
• 例句:
  • My boss offers me a high-salary job.
  • Mark sends me an email = Mark sends an email to me.
  • I bought my mother a bunch of flowers = I bought a bunch of flowers for my mother.
  • The students choose to study hard.

7. S + V + 宾语 + 宾补

• 动词列表: Make, regard, consider.
• 例句:
  • Some people regard luxury products as a symbol of social status.
  • You make me laugh.
  • The pictures make the book interesting.

8. V + that 的宾语从句 （暂时不记忆，学完名词性从句后再记忆。）

• 动词列表: Suggest, believe, emphasize, agree, argue, show, feel, mean, hope, worry, ensure, predict, complain, indicate, insist, illustrate, claim.
• 例句: The young boy insisted that he should be awarded.

主系表结构（特征状态）

表

• 名词/形容词。

系：

Be 动词（am,is,are,was,were,be,been）

• 例句: playing table tennis is one of the most prvalent sports in china.

感官动词(sound,look,smell,taste,touch,feel)

• 例句: Some local dishes taste delicious.

变化动词（变化+不变) [变得（get,become,grow） | 保持（keep,remain,sustain)]

• 例句: The young people should remian motivated.

主系表常⻅表达

1. be + adj + to do sth

• 形容词列表: Able, likely, unlikely, willing, eager, reluctant, afraid, easy, hard, glad, delighted, joyful, pleased.
• 例句: Local citizens are reluctant to relocate to other places.
• 练习: 勤奋的⼈可能会在职业发展上取得成功。
  • Hardworking people are likely to achieve success in their careers.
  • Mike is able to speak several languages.
  • I am afraid to talk with strangers.

2. be + adj + to sb/sth/doing sth

• 形容词列表: Important, crucial, detrimental, harmful, available, beneficial, addicted.
• 例句: Eating fast food is detrimental to people's health.
• 练习: 阅读科学书籍有利于培养孩⼦们的想象⼒和创造⼒。
  • Reading science books is beneficial to cultivating children's imagination and creativity.
  • Plastic is harmful to environment.
  • The library is available to every student.
  • it's important learning English.

3. be + adj + with sb/sth

• 形容词列表: Busy, occupied, familiar, obsessed, content, popular, strict, patient, satisfied.
• 例句: Young people are occupied with shattering the glass ceiling of career development.
• 练习: 当地年轻⼈沉迷于浪费时间在各种互联⽹平台上。
  • Young people are obsessed with wasting their time on various internet apps.
  • I am busy with my homework.
  • Some parents are strict with their children.

4. be + adj + at sth/sb

• 形容词列表: Mad, good, surprised, angry, talented.
• 例句:
  • hinese people are talented at mathematics.
  • Mary is angry at his lie.

5. be + adj + about sth/sb

• 形容词列表: Curious, optimistic, pessimistic, disappointed, anxious, concerned.
• 例句: The majority of economic experts feel pessimistic about commercial environment in America.
• 练习: 越来越多的个⼈和媒体对过度依赖机器⼈感到担忧。
  • More and more individuals and media are anxious about heavy reliance on robots.
  • I am anxious about the exam.

6. be + adj + for sb/sth

• 形容词列表: Important, ready, late, sorry, famous, convenient, grateful, suitable, useful.
• 例句:
  • His teaching pattern is suitable for adult students.
  • I am sorry for my mistake.

7. be + adj + of sth/sb

• 形容词列表: Afraid, careful, fond, short, tired, jealous, ashamed, aware.
• 例句:
  • The young boy is fond of doing regular exercise everyday.
  • He is found of insects.

8. be + adj + 表语从句

• 说明: 学完名词性从句以后再回头看。

被动句 （往往当不强调动作的发出者的时候习惯用）

• 结构: N + be done（及物动词）. （注意：不及物动词和系动词没有被动）
• 例句:
  • These wasted glass bottles are stored in a collection point.
  • Traveling to some Africa countries is regarded as a dangerous choice.
  • He breaks the door(主谓宾). => The door is broken by him(被动句).
  • People always regard roses as the symbol of romance(主谓宾). => Roses are always regarded as the symbol of romance(被动句).

There be 句型（表示“有”，遵循就近原则。）

• 结构: Thre be + N （注意：没有 there have 或 there has 的形式。）
• 例句:
  • There is a pen on the desk.
  • There is a pen on the desk = There is no pen on the desk.